Ancient dwellings carved into the tuff. A deep ‘valley’ (ravine) crossed by a stream. Roofs that become floors for the dwellings on the upper levels. A dense network of alleys, and the impression of walking in
a papier-mâché nativity scene. All this is Matera, in Basilicata, European Capital of Culture 2019, whose rock churches and famous ‘Sassi’ – a peculiar settlement form carved out of the rock – were included in the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1993.